What distinguishes an active optical network from a passive one?

An active optical network is characterized by the use of electronic equipment to manage, amplify, and switch signals throughout the network. This electronic equipment is essential for the proper functioning of active networks as it allows for signal processing, which can enhance signal strength and enable larger, more complex networks to operate efficiently.

In contrast, a passive optical network relies primarily on passive components—such as splitters, couplers, and optical fibers—without any active electronic components for signal management. This design typically limits the network's range and its ability to compensate for signal loss, making it suitable for more straightforward applications but incapable of the advanced functionality provided by active systems.

Understanding the nature of the components involved helps clarify the distinction between active and passive networks, which is crucial for network design and implementation in fiber optic communications.