What is the main advantage of single-mode fiber?

The main advantage of single-mode fiber is that it allows for greater transmission distances. This is due to its design, which features a smaller core diameter compared to multi-mode fiber, typically around 8 to 10 micrometers. The smaller core enables light to travel in a straight line down the fiber, significantly minimizing modal dispersion — a phenomenon where different light modes travel at different speeds. This capability ensures that single-mode fibers can maintain signal integrity over long distances, making them ideal for telecommunications and data center applications that require efficient, high-capacity data transfer over vast networks.

In contrast, other options discuss aspects that don't align with the inherent advantages of single-mode fiber. For instance, while installation cost can vary based on materials and application needs, single-mode fibers often require more sophisticated installation techniques, potentially increasing costs. The core thickness characteristic refers to multi-mode fiber, which generally has a larger core designed for multiple light modes, allowing it to support shorter distances but at higher bandwidths in local environments. Maintenance requirements are not significantly different between single-mode and multi-mode fibers, as both types need proper handling and care to avoid performance degradation.