What is the most effective method to permanently join two fibers with the lowest loss?

The most effective method to permanently join two fibers with the lowest loss is fusion splicing. This process involves melting the ends of two optical fibers together using an electric arc or laser, which creates a permanent and seamless connection. When done correctly, fusion splicing minimizes the loss of signal and maintains the integrity of the optical pathway, making it the preferred technique in many high-performance applications.

Fusion splicing is highly favored because it produces a joint that has very low insertion loss and back reflection. The bond created is also durable and resistant to environmental factors, which is vital for maintaining performance in various settings, including outdoor installations. This method ensures the fibers are aligned perfectly, which is crucial since any misalignment can result in increased signal loss.

While mechanical splicing offers a viable alternative with relatively low loss as well, it typically does not achieve the same level of performance as fusion splicing because it involves aligning the fibers in a way that can introduce some air gap and depends on index matching gels, which may have higher losses compared to a fused joint.

Adhesive bonding is mainly used in certain specific applications where mechanical strength is required rather than optical performance and does not provide a suitable optical joint for minimizing loss.

Therefore, for achieving the lowest loss in fiber connections