What role does the cladding play in a fiber optic cable?

The cladding in a fiber optic cable is crucial for ensuring the effective transmission of light. It serves the primary function of trapping light within the core of the fiber by utilizing the principle of total internal reflection. This reflection occurs when light traveling through the core encounters the boundary with the cladding, which has a lower refractive index than the core. Because the cladding is designed to keep the light confined within the core, it significantly reduces attenuation, allowing for longer distances of signal travel with minimal loss.

This characteristic is key to the performance of fiber optic cables, enabling them to carry data over great distances efficiently. While the other options point to various components and roles in the fiber optic structure, the specific function of the cladding to trap light in the core and minimize signal loss is what makes it indispensable in fiber optic technology.