Which approach would provide the best performance in long-haul fiber optic systems?

The best performance in long-haul fiber optic systems is achieved through the use of single mode fibers. Single mode fibers have a small core diameter, typically around 9 microns, which allows only one mode of light to propagate. This feature significantly reduces modal dispersion, a phenomenon where different light paths arrive at different times, which is prevalent in multimode fibers due to their larger core sizes.

In long-distance applications, minimizing signal loss and maintaining signal integrity over great lengths is crucial. Single mode fibers excel in this regard because they can transmit signals over much greater distances without experiencing significant attenuation or distortion. They are designed for high-bandwidth applications and are capable of accommodating the high-speed data rates typical in long-haul communications.

Additionally, the advanced technology associated with single mode fibers, such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), allows multiple data signals to be transmitted simultaneously over the same fiber. This further enhances the capacity and efficiency of long-haul communication systems.

While other options, such as using optical amplifiers, can improve the performance of the system, the inherent advantages of single mode fibers make them the preferred choice for long distances.