Which type of fiber optic cable is best for long-distance communication?

Single-mode fiber is the preferred choice for long-distance communication due to its ability to transmit signals over much greater distances compared to other types of fiber optic cables. This capability stems from its small core diameter, which allows only one mode of light to propagate. As a result, single-mode fiber experiences significantly less modal dispersion, which is the spreading of light pulses over distance. This characteristic enables it to maintain signal integrity and high data rates over vast distances, often exceeding 100 kilometers without the need for signal boosting.

Additionally, single-mode fibers are designed to work efficiently with laser light sources, which have narrow wavelengths that enhance the quality and distance of the signal transmission. This makes single-mode fiber particularly suitable for applications such as telecommunications and data networks that require high bandwidth and long ranges.

In contrast, multi-mode fibers, with their larger core diameter, are more prone to modal dispersion, which limits their effective transmission distance. Plastic optical fibers are generally used for short-range applications and are not suited for high-performance long-distance communication. Hybrid fibers combine different types of fibers or technologies but do not specifically focus on maximizing long-distance communication advantages like single-mode fibers do.